什么是往复泵？
什么是往复泵？往复泵工作原理是什么？
往复泵是容积式泵的一种，是依靠泵缸内的活塞作往复运动来改变工作容积，从而达到输送液体的目的。
现以活塞式为例来说明往复泵工作原理。活塞泵主要由活塞在泵缸内作往复运动来吸入和排除液体。当活塞开始自极左端位置向右移动时，工作室的容积逐渐扩大，室内压力降低，流体顶开吸水阀，进入活塞所让出的空间，直到活塞移动到极右端为此，此过程为泵的吸水过程。当活塞从右端开始向左端移动时，充满泵的流体受挤压，将吸水阀关闭，并打开压水阀而排出，此过程称为泵的压水过程。
活塞不断往复运动，泵的吸水与压水过程就连续不断地交替进行。此泵特点是：泵压力可以无限高，流量与压力无关，具有自吸能力，流量不均匀。此泵适用于小流量、高压力的输液系统。
轮机英语日常用语
船舶英语
目 录
一.职位及工种
(Titles and type of work) ••••• 1
二、柴油机类
(Words about diesel engine) ••••• 3
三、船舶机械类
(Words about marine machinery) •• 11
四、阀门(Words about valve) •••• 14
五、泵类(Words about pump) •••••••••• 16
六、甲板机械类（Deck machinery）•••••• 18
七、工具类(Word about tools) •••••••• 20
八、常用物料(Material in common use) 26
九、常用紧固件
(Part of fixation in common use) ••• 28
十、常用油类(Oil in common use) •••••28
十一、常用量词
(Quantifier in common use) •••••••••29
十二、国家名称(Name of country) 。 30
十三、常用缩语
(abbreviation in common use) •••••31
十四、船用动态常用单词(marine tends word) 32
十五、船舶机电设备操作词汇
(manipulate of marine equipment) •33
十六、故障常用单词
(words about malfunction) ••••• 35
十七、保养检修常用词汇
(Words about maintain and examination) 38
十八、常用数字(Numeral in common use) 40
十九、时间、季节与方向
(Time、Season and Direction) •••••42
二十常用词组（Phrases in common use）•45
二十一、常用动词和例句
(Verb in common use and example) ••••48
二十二、问候和常用表达语
(Greeting and common expression) ••••67
二十三、主机提交过程用语
(Delivery expressions for main engine) 68
二十四、空压机和空气系统用语
(Air compressor and Air system) •••• 75
二十五、锅炉提交用语
(Delivery expressions for boiler) •••77
二十六、锚绞车提交过程用语(Delivery expressions for anchor windlass) 79
二十七、舵机提交过程用语
(Steering gear delivering) ••• 87
二十八、付机提交过程用语
（Delivery expression for A/E）••••• 91
二十九、救生艇提交过程用语
(Delivery expressions for lifeboat) ••92
三十、其他提交项目
(Delivery expressions for other items) •••95
三十一、甲板机械系泊试验
(Mooring test for deck machinery) ••••••••96
三十二、机舱设备系泊试验
(Mooring test for the equipment in E/R) •••98
三十三、谈论故障常用语
（Expressions for trouble）••••••••••••100
三十四、谈论检修常用语
(Expressions for overhaul) ••••••••••••101
三十五、谈论试验和检验
(Talking about test & check) •••••••••••103
三十六、谈论技术要求
(Talking about technology required) •••105
一．职位及工种(Titles and type of work)
1．船长 Captain
2．大副 Chief officer
3．二副 Second officer
4．三副 Third officer
5．四副 Fourth officer
6．水手长 Boatswain
7．水手 Sailor & Seaman
8．木匠 Carpenter
9．轮机长 Chief engineer
10．大管轮 Second engineer
11．二管轮 Third engineer
12．三管轮 Fourth engineer
13．机匠长 Chief motorman
15．机匠 Fitter
16．加油工 Oil man
17．大电 Chief electrician
18．电工 Electrician
19．车间主任 Workshop director
20．工长 Section chief
21．班长 Fore man
22．钳工 Fitter
23．主管工程师 Engineer in charge
24．机务&船东 Superintendent &Super &Owner
25．助理工程师 Assistant engineer
26．验船师（机）Register
27．验船师（船）Surveyor
28．油漆工 Painter
29．焊工 Welder
30．大橱 Chief cook
31．物料员 Store keeper
32．加油工 Oiler
33．机工 Mechanic
34．甲板员 Deck man
35．电线工 Wireman
36．外包工 Laborer
37．铸工 Molder
38．管子工 Pipe fitter
39．起重工 Crane operator
二、柴油机类(Words about diesel engine)
1．主机 Main engine
2．二冲程柴油机 Two-stroke diesel engine
3．四冲程柴油机 Fore-stroke diesel engine
4．高速柴油机 High speed diesel engine
5．中速柴油机 Middle speed diesel engine
6．低速柴油机 Low speed diesel engine
7．气缸盖(缸头) Cylinder head
8．安全阀 Safety valve
9．释放阀 Relief valve
10．示功阀 Indicator valve
11．示功考克 Indicator cock
12．空气起动阀 Air starting valve
13．起动空气分配器 Air starting distributor
14．油头(燃油喷射器) Fuel injector
15．排气阀 Exhaust valve
16．气缸套 Cylinder liner
17．冷却水套 Cooling water jacket
18．气缸注油器 Cylinder lubricator
19．活塞 Piston
20．活塞头 Piston crown
21．活塞裙 Piston skirt
22．活塞销 Piston gudgeon pin
24．活塞杆 Piston rod
25．活塞环 Piston ring
26．活塞环槽 Piston ring groove
27．压缩环 (气环) Compression ring
28．刮油环 (油环) Oil scraper ring
29．减磨令 Wear ring (copper ring)
30．伸缩管(水拉管) Telescopic pipe
31．活塞冷却空间 Piston cooling space
32．填料箱(函) Stuffing box
33．填料箱密封环Sealing ring for Stuffing box
34．填料箱压缩环 Pressure ring for Stuffing box
35．填料箱刮油环Scraper ring for Stuffing box
36．扫气箱 Scavenging receiver
37．扫气口 Scavenging port
38．排气口 Exhaust port
39．十字头 Cross head
40．十字头销 Crosshead pin
41．十字头轴承 Crosshead bearing
42．十字头滑块 Crosshead slipper
43．滑块 Guide shoe
44．十字头导板 Crosshead guide plate
45．连杆 Connecting rod
46．连杆大端轴承 Bid end bearing
47．连杆小端轴承 Small end bearing
48．曲柄轴承 Crank bearing
49．曲柄销 Crank pin
50．曲轴 Crank shaft
51．曲轴颈 Crank journal
52．曲柄臂 Crank web
53．拐档差 Crank deflection
54．主轴承 Main bearing
55．主轴颈 Main journal
56．轴承瓦 Bearing bush
57．上轴瓦 Upper bearing bush
58．上轴瓦 Upper half
59．下轴瓦 Lower bearing bush
60．下轴瓦 Lower half
61．推力轴承 Thrust bearing
62．推力块 Thrust pad
63．推力盘 Thrust disc
64．推力轴 Thrust shaft
65．底座 Bed plate
66．机架 Frame
67．曲柄箱 Crank case
68．曲柄箱导门 Crank case door
69．曲柄箱防爆门 Explosion-proof Crank case.
70．定时齿轮 Timing gear
71．飞轮 Flying wheel
72．凸轮 Cam
73．凸轮轴 Cam shaft
74．喷油凸轮 Fuel injection cam
75．链条 Chain
76．链条轮 Chain wheel
77．链条箱 Chain box
78．推杆 Push rod
79．摇臂 Rocker arm
80．排气阀 Exhaust valve
81．吸气阀 Suction valve
82．排气总管 Exhaust manifold
83．进气总管 Air inlet manifold
84．高压燃油管 High pressure fuel pipe
85．活塞冷却水管 Piston cooling water pipe
86．法兰 Flange
87．贯穿螺栓 Tie bolt (tie rod)
88．端盖 Side cover
89．滑油泵 Lubricating oil pump
90．燃油泵 Fuel oil pump
91．滑油泵齿轮 Gear for lubricating oil pump
92．燃油泵齿轮 Gear for fuel oil pump
93．叶轮 Impeller
94．柱塞 Plunger
95．导杆 Guide rod
96．导套 Sleeve
97．滚动轴承 Ball bearing
98．滑动轴承 Sliding bearing
99．推力滚动轴承Thrust ball bearing
100．推力面 Thrust surface (thrust side)
101．盘车机 Turning gear
102．增压器 Turbocharger
103．涡轮机(透平) Turbine
104．涡轮 Turbine wheel
105．涡轮叶片 Turbine blade
106．喷嘴 Nozzle
107．废气叶轮 Exhaust impeller
108．废气叶轮片 Exhaust blade
109．废气端 Exhaust side
110．透平端 Turbine side
111．转子轴 Rotor shaft
112．油泵 L.O.pump
113．换向装置 Reversing device
114．换向伺服期 Reversing servomotor
115．压气机(鼓风机) Blower
116．膨胀接 Expansion joint
117．调速器 governor
118．飞重 Flying weight
119．补偿阀 Compensate valve
120．针阀 Needle valve
121．开口销 Cotter pin
122．轴封 Shaft seal
123．机械密封 Machinery seal
124．配电盘 Switchboard
125．应急配电盘 Emergency switchboard
126．应急发电机 Emergency generator
127．滤器 Filter
128．细滤器 Filter
129．粗滤器 Strainer
130．滑油滤器 L.O. filter
131．燃油滤器 F.O. filter
132．空气消音器 Air intake silencer
132．空气滤器 Air intake filter
133．空气瓶 Air bottle (receiver)
134．分油机 Separator
135．油水分离器 Water-oil separator
136．净油机 Purifier
137．燃油净化器 F.O. purifier
138．二氧化碳 CO2
139．二氧化碳瓶 CO2 bottle
140．正时齿轮 Timing gear
141．导向棒装置 Guide bar
142．注油器驱动 Lubricator driver
143．链条张紧装置 Chain tightener
144．凸轮轴传动轮 Chain wheel on cam shaft
145．中间链链传动轮Intermediate chain wheel
146．注油器驱动装置Lubricator drive
147．链条张紧装置 Chain tightener
148．滚筒导座 Roller guide housing
149．应急操纵台 Emergency console
150．力矩平衡器 Moment compensator
151．主启动阀 Main starting valve
152．启动空气分配器Starting air distributor
153．喷油器 Fuel valve
154．扫气系统 Scavenge air system
155．安全帽 Safety cap
156．机座 Bed plate
157．轴向振动减振器 Axial vibration damper
158．贯穿螺栓 Arrangement of stay bolt
159．示功器驱动装置 Indicator driver
160．端罩 End shields
161．气缸架 Cylinder frame
162．气阀传动装置 Valve operating device
163．摇臂润滑油泵 Rocker arm lubricating oil pump
164．摇臂润滑油柜 Rocker arm lubricating tank
165．摇臂润滑滤器Rocker arm lubricating filter
三、船舶机械类(Words about marine machinery)
1．船用锅炉 Marine boiler
2．废气锅炉 Exhaust boiler
3．辅锅炉 Donkey boiler
4．组合式锅炉 Combined boiler
5．火管 Fire tube
6．给水管 Feed pipe
7．炉膛 Furnace
8．炉墙 Furnace wall
9．火侧 Fire side
10．水侧 Water side
11．燃烧器 Oil burner
12．安全阀 Safety valve
13．上排污 Upper drain
14．下排污 Lower drain
15．锅炉皮阀 Mounting valve
16．水位计 Water level gauge
17．压力表 Pressure gauge
18．主汽门 Main steam valve
19．玻璃管 Glass tube
20．空调装置 Air-conditioning plant
21．制冷装置 Refrigerating plant
22．冰机 Fridge. Machine
23．空气压缩机 Air compressor
24．造水机 Fresh water generator
25．板式冷却器 Plate type cooler
26．机舱天车 Engine room crane
27．天车导轨 Crane rail
28．电磁阀 Solenoid valve
29．舵机 Steering gear
30．舵承 Rudder bearing carrier
31．液压缸 Hydraulic cylinder
32．废气涡轮增压器Exhaust gas turbocharger
33．弹簧阀 Spring loaded valve
34．冷凝器 Condenser
35．分油器 Oil separator
36．轴带发电机 Shaft generator
37．焚烧炉 Oil burner
38．分油机 Separator
39．分离筒 Separator bowl
40．配水盘装置 Paring disc device
41．转数计 Revolution counter
42．控制阀 Control valve
43．辅机 Auxiliary machinery
44．制冷装置 Refrigerating plant
45．海水淡化装置Sea water desalting plant
46．热交换器 Heat exchanger
47．船用气瓶 Marine air bottle
48．冷风机 Cooler unit
49．防水风门 Fire damper
50．气密挡板 Gas tight damper
51．排气风机 Exhaust fan
52．舱室通风机 Cabin fan
53．机舱通风机 Engine room fan
54．应急鼓风机 Emergency blower
四、阀门(Words about valve)
1．吸气阀 Suction valve
2．排气阀 Exhaust valve
3．控制阀 Control valve
4．导 阀 Pilot valve
5．单向阀 Non-return valve
6．口琴阀 Flap valve
7．调节阀 Regulating valve
8．液压阀 Hydraulic valve
9．膨胀阀 Expansion valve
10．给水阀 Feed valve
11．排水阀 Discharge valve
12．截止阀 Stop valve
13．吹泄阀 Blow-off valve
14．空气阀 Air valve
15．泄放阀 Drain valve
16．止回阀 Check valve
17．海底阀 Sea valve
18．回流阀 Retune valve
19．节流阀 Throttle valve
20．进气阀 Inlet valve
21．出气阀 Outlet valve
22．热力阀 Thermal valve
23．中央阀 Center valve
24．单向阀 One way valve
25．二通阀 Two way valve
26．三通阀 Triple valve
27．旁通阀 By-pass valve
28．换向阀 Change-over valve
29．减压阀 Pressure-reducing valve
30．溢流阀 Overflow valve
31．自闭阀 Self-locking valve
32．针阀 Needle valve
33．平衡阀 Balance valve
34．循环阀 Circulation valve
35．主 阀 Main valve
36．滑 阀 Slide valve
37．蝶 阀 Butter-fly valve
38．截止阀 Shut-off valve
39．闸板阀 Gate valve
40．通海阀 Sea suction valve
41．吹除阀 Sea chest cleaning valve
42．防浪阀 Storm valve
43．舱壁阀 Bulkhead valve
44．快关阀 Emergency shut off valve
45．呼吸阀 Breather valve
五、泵类(Words about pump)
1．电动泵 Motor-driven pump
2．柱塞泵 Plunger pump
3．叶片泵 Vane pump
4．回转泵 Rotary pump
5．齿轮泵 Gear pump
6．往复泵 Reciprocating pump
7．离心泵 Centrifugal pump
1．电动泵 Motor-driven pump
2．柱塞泵 Plunger pump
3．叶片泵 Vane pump
4．回转泵 Rotary pump
5．齿轮泵 Gear pump
6．往复泵 Reciprocating pump
7．离心泵 Centrifugal pump
8．真空泵 Vacuum pump
9．螺杆泵 Screw pump
10．喷射泵 Ejector pump
11．冷却泵 Cooling pump
12．淡水泵 Fresh water pump
13．海水泵 Sea water pump
14．给水泵 Feed water pump
15．循环泵 Circulating pump
16．锅炉给水泵 Boiler feed pump
17．卫生水泵 Sanitary pump
18．压载泵 Ballast pump
19．舱底泵 Bilge pump
20．污水泵 Sewage pump
21．燃油泵 Fuel pump
22．高压油泵 High pressure pump
23．底压油泵 Low pressure pump
24．驳运泵 Transfer pump
25．增压泵 Booster pump
26．消防泵 Fire pump
27．通用泵 G.S. pump
28．旋涡泵 Regenerative
29．蜗壳泵 Volute pump
30．导叶泵 Diffuser pump
31．单联泵 Simplex pump
32．双联泵 Duplex pump
33．多联泵 Multiplex pump
34．活塞泵 Piston pump
35．减摇泵 Anti-roll pump
36．总用泵 General service pump
37．应急消防泵Emergency fire pump
38．扫舱泵 Stripping pump
39．货油泵 Cargo oil pump
40．滑油泵 Lubricating oil pump
六、甲板机械类（Deck machinery）
1．锚机 Windlass
2．锚机轴 Windlass shaft
3．刹车带 Brake lining
4．离合器 Clutch
5．锚链轮 Anchor Chain wheel
6．轴承瓦 Bearing bush
7．轴承盖 Bearing cover
8．绞揽机 Capstan
9．系揽绞车 Mooring winch
10．卷缆车 Reel
11．钢丝绳 Wire rope
12．卡环 Shackle
13．缆绳 Mooring rope
14．滑轮 Block
15．刹车装置 Brake device
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